What does hematuria mean?

“Hematuria” is the medical term for having blood in the urine. “Gross” hematuria means you can see the blood yourself. “Microscopic” hematuria means that the blood can only be seen under the microscope in the lab.

 

What does it mean if my dipstick shows blood?

The dipstick test is a rough test to look for blood and other problems in the urine. If blood is present then the stick will change colors. However there are other causes besides blood that can lead to a color change. You do not need a full workup based on a dipstick result, it needs to be confirmed by looking under a microscope.

 

Why am I having hematuria?

There are many reasons for having blood in the urine. The most concerning is cancer of the kidney, bladder, or prostate. Other common causes include kidney stones, enlarged prostate, infection, and recent injury. Some women have small amounts of blood after going through menopause. Occasionally the cause for blood is never found.

​

What does my workup consist of?

The workup for hematuria depends on your risk group. If you are considered low risk, the hematuria test can just be repeated in a few months. If you are low risk but interested, or intermediate risk, you will need an ultrasound of your kidneys and will also need cystoscopy. If you are considered high risk, you will need a CT scan and cystoscopy.

 

What is cystoscopy?

This is a procedure that is commonly performed in the urology clinic. A thin flexible camera is inserted into the hole you pee through (the urethra) and into the bladder. This is the best way to look for bladder cancer and other abnormalities. These are often not found on imaging, there is no other way to look for this. Fortunately this test does not require any incisions. It takes 2-5 minutes to complete. You will be able to watch on the video screen and Dr. Chertack will explain what he is seeing, you do not need to wait for test results.

 

What happens after the workup?

It depends on whether there are any abnormalities found on the imaging tests or cystoscopy, further recommendations will be discussed with you. If your workup does not show any concerns, Dr. Chertack will discuss need for further follow-up in urology or with your primary care doctor.